UT - Ultrasonic Testing
Wavelength:

λ = lambda or wavelength
V = velocity
f = frequency
Snell's Law:

Sin = sine of angle
V = velocity
Near Field:
or, substituting wavelength (λ)
N = near field
D = diameter of the transducer
f = frequency
V = velocity
Acoutic Impedence:
Z = acoutic impedence
p = density of the material
V = velocity
Half Beam Spread:
or, substituting wavelength (λ)
Θ = half beam angle
λ = lambda or wavelength
V = velocity
D = diameter of the transducer
f = frequency
RT - Radiographic Testing
Inverse Square Law:
I1 = Intensity at
D1
I2 = Intensity at
D2
D1 = Distance 1 from source
D2 = Distance 2 from source
Geometric Unsharpness:
Ug = Geometric unsharpness
F = Source size (maximum projected dimension)
d = Distance from source side of object being
radiographed to the film
D = Distance from source of radiation to object
being radiographed
Curies and Bequerels - Relationship:
Half-Value Layers - Gamma (mm):
Half-Value Layers - X-ray (mm):