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Resources - Useful NDT Formulas etc.


Ultrasonic and Radiograhic Testing

UT - Ultrasonic Testing

Wavelength:

Wavelength Formula

λ = lambda or wavelength
V = velocity
f = frequency

Snell's Law:

Wavelength Formula

Sin = sine of angle
V = velocity

Near Field:

Near Field Formula
or, substituting wavelength (λ)

Near Field Formula

N = near field
D = diameter of the transducer
f = frequency
V = velocity

Acoutic Impedence:

Accoutic Impedence formula

Z = acoutic impedence
p = density of the material
V = velocity

Half Beam Spread:

Half Beam Spread
or, substituting wavelength (λ)

Half Beam Spread

Θ = half beam angle
λ = lambda or wavelength
V = velocity
D = diameter of the transducer
f = frequency

RT - Radiographic Testing

Inverse Square Law:

Inverse Square Law

I1 = Intensity at D1
I2 = Intensity at D2
D1 = Distance 1 from source
D2 = Distance 2 from source

Geometric Unsharpness:

Inverse Square Law

Ug = Geometric unsharpness
F = Source size (maximum projected dimension)
d = Distance from source side of object being radiographed to the film
D = Distance from source of radiation to object being radiographed

Curies and Bequerels - Relationship:


Inverse Square Law


Half-Value Layers - Gamma (mm):


Inverse Square Law


Half-Value Layers - X-ray (mm):


Inverse Square Law


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